Stone Age:ca. 4000 BC:
Earliest settlements on present location of Jerusalem.
Bronze Age: ca. 3000 BC: Canaanites werethe people of Palestine. Migration
of the Semite to Palestine.(Ancient Jerusalem was located on an area of ca. 4,7 hectares)
Canaanites and Philistines:
ca. 2500 BC: Canaanites in Palestine;
Jerusalem(Ursalem) built by Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe.
ca. 1842 BC:
First mention of Jerusalem in a written text(Egyptian): Abraham greeted at Salem in the name of
the"most high God".
ca. 1800 BC: Earliest archaeological evidence of
apermanent settlement in J’lem (Jebusites).
Hyksos Rule:
ca. 1700 BC:
Jerusalem destroyed by Hyksos.
- 1550 BC: Hyksos rule in Egypt and Palestine.
Canaanites:
1550-ca.1200 BC: Jerusalem - a Canaanite city-state
ruledby a king under partial Egyptian rule.
ca. 1350 BC: First mention of Jerusalem
as city-state inEgyptian Amarna letters.
ca. 1300 BC:
Archaeological evidence of renewedhabitation; Jebusites may have rebuilt and occupied Jerusalem
forthe next 400 years.
ca. 1250 BC: Jewish exodus from Egypt.
ca. 1220 BC: King of Jerusalem
defeated by Israelites andthe city is destroyed.
Jebusites:ca. 1200-1004 BC:
The Jebusites rule the city.
Israelites; 1000-587/586 BC: King David captures theJebusite fortress and
establishes united Israelite kingdom.
1000-965 BC: Cityruled by King David and
is renamed from "Jebus" to"City of David".
965-928 BC: King Solomon succeeds David, erects FirstTemple (952).
928 BC: After Solomon's death the kingdom splits: Israeland Judah
(Jerusalem is capital).
926 BC:
Egyptian forces ravage Jerusalem. 840 BC: SyrianKingdom of Damascus occupies Jerusalem until
ca. 810 BC.
720 BC: Kings of Judah between rivals Assyria (laterBabylonia) and Egypt;
Assyrians capture Jerusalem.
701-627 BC: Assyrians beleaguer Jerusalem; Judah is atributary state of the Assyrian
Empire.
Babylonians;587-538 BC:
587/586 BC:Nebuchadnezzar captures and
destroys Jerusalem, including theFirst Temple.
587/6-538 BC: Babylonians (Chaldaeans) rule Jerusalem.
Persian Rule538-333 BC: Persians overthrow Babylonian empire;Jerusalem is capital of Persian province. King Cyrus allows Jewsto return.
520-515 BC: Templeis rebuilt (Second Temple).
HellenisticRule; 332-141 BC:
332 BC: Alexanderthe Great captures
Jerusalem.
301 BC: After breakup of Alexander's Empire: Ptolemies ofEgypt rule in
Palestine.
ca. 200 BC: Greek-Syrian Seleucids capture Jerusalem.Period of extreme Hellenization.
169 BC: Seleucids ruler Antochius Epiphanos destroys thecity and forbids Judaism.
HashmoneanKingdom; 167-152 BC:
167 BC: Macabbean(Jewish) revolt; Hasmonean dynasty founded, rule Jerusalem;Temple restored.
MacabbeanJews 141-63 BC:
141 BC: SimonMacabbee recovers Jerusalem.
134 BC: Antiochus Sidetes, King of Syria, sieges city.
Roman-ByzantineEmpire; 63 BC-ca. 638 AD:
63 BC: Jerusalemis captured by Pompeji,
head of the Roman Army.
37 BC: Palestine is a vassal kingdom of Rome, Herod theGreat the king (37-4 BC).
6-37 AD: Procuratorial rule in Jerusalem.
44-326 AD: Procuratorial rule by Rome in Jerusalem.
66-70 AD: 1st Judean revolt led by Titus against Romans;city and temple partially
destroyed.
117-138 AD: Jerusalem made a Roman colony.
ca. 132 AD: Great Judean revolt, led by Bar Kochba.
135 AD: Emperor Hadrian captures Jerusalem; rename city"Aelia Capitolina",
expel Jews.
235-270 AD: The Kingdom of Palmyra (Tadmor) rules inPalestine.
323 or 326 AD: Emperor Constantine moves capital from Rometo Byzanz; Christianity
made official or state religion - beginof an era of Christian rule in Jerusalem.
335 AD: Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Church ofGolgatha built.
614-628 AD: Persians under King Chroseos II conquerJerusalem (Sassanid Empire).
628 AD: Roman-Byzantinian Emperor Heraclius reconqueststhe city.
628-638 AD: Byzantinian Christians rule the city.
Muslim Rule;638-1072 AD:
638 AD: Jerusalemconquered by Caliph
‘Omar Ibn al-Khattab bearing the newfaith of Islam. City called Al-Quds; Jews allowed to
return.
661-692 AD: Ummayad dynasty.
691 AD: Ummayad Caliph Abd al-Malik
builds Dome of theRock.
709 AD: Al-Aqsa Mosque built.
750 AD: Abbasid Caliphate; capital is Baghdad.
878 AD: Tulunid dynasty.
915 AD: Ikhshidid dynasty.
969 AD: Shi'i Fatimids establish caliphate with Cairo ascapital.
975 AD: Reign of Caliph al-Aziz; city walls rebuilt.
ca. 1000 AD: Fatimid
empire declines.
Turks;1072-1092 AD: Jerusalem ruled
by various successor, amongthem Seljuk Turks.
Arabs; 1092-1099 AD: Arab reconquest of Jerusalem.
Crusader Rule; 1099-1187 AD: Christian Crusaderscapture Jerusalem; city
becomes capital of the Latin Kingdom.
Arabs; 1187-1517 AD:
1187 AD:Salah ed-Din reconquests city;
restoration of the Muslim shrines;Jews permitted to remain and settle.
1187-1220 AD: Ayyubids rule Cairo and control Jerusalem.
1229-1239 AD: City ceded by treaty for ten years toCrusaders (Frederick II of Germany).
1239-1516 AD: Arabs regain control over the city; Arab(Mameluke) Rule.
1243/44 AD: Khwarizmians (Mongols) invade Jerusalem.
OttomanEmpire; 1517-1917:
1517 AD: OttomanSultan Selim defeats
Mameluks, incorporates Jerusalem andPalestine into Ottoman Empire.
1537-1541 AD: Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds city wallsand restores the Dome of
the Rock.
1831-1840 AD: MohammedAli of Egypt occupies Palestine; Egyptian rule of Jerusalem.
1841-1917 AD: Restoration of Ottoman-Turkish rule.
1876: First Ottoman parliament convened in Constantinople;first Palestinian deputies
from Jerusalem elected.
1880: Ottoman administration created mutasarrifiyya ofJerusalem.
1898: A section of old city wall was removed to facilitatethe entrance of Kaiser
Wilhelm II of Germany and his entourage ontheir visit to Jerusalem.